When an experimenter gives subtle cues to participants about how to behave,we say that a(n) ______ has occurred.

A) experimenter-expectancy effect
B) double-blind design
C) implicit error
D) external validity

Experimenter-Expectancy Effect

A bias in research outcomes where the researcher's expectations inadvertently influence the participants' performance.

Double-Blind Design

An experimental design in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment.

External Validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized or extended to other contexts or populations.