How did the United States become an overseas imperial power in 1898? Was this mere chance or political design? Discuss.

The United States became an overseas imperial power in 1898 through a combination of political design and strategic opportunities. The Spanish-American War played a significant role in this transformation, as the United States emerged victorious and gained control over territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This military victory was not mere chance, but rather the result of deliberate efforts by political leaders to expand American influence and power beyond its borders.

Political design also played a crucial role in this shift towards imperialism. Throughout the late 19th century, there was a growing sentiment among American policymakers and intellectuals that the United States should assert itself as a global power. This was driven by a combination of economic interests, a desire for strategic military bases, and a belief in the superiority of American civilization. This expansionist ideology, often referred to as "manifest destiny," was actively promoted by politicians and influential figures such as Theodore Roosevelt and Alfred Thayer Mahan.

Furthermore, the acquisition of overseas territories was not simply a result of chance, but rather the outcome of calculated decisions made by American leaders. The annexation of Hawaii, for example, was the result of a carefully orchestrated campaign by American business interests and politicians to gain control over the islands' valuable sugar plantations and strategic location in the Pacific.

In conclusion, the United States' emergence as an overseas imperial power in 1898 was not mere chance, but rather the result of deliberate political design and strategic calculations. The Spanish-American War provided the opportunity for expansion, but it was the result of a broader imperialist ideology and a concerted effort by American leaders to assert the country's influence on the global stage.