In Paivio's study of paired-associate learning,subjects learned four types of word pairs: I.concrete-concrete (e.g. ,book-table)
II) concrete-abstract (e.g. ,book-freedom)
III) abstract-concrete (e.g. ,freedom-table)
IV) abstract-abstract (e.g. ,freedom-honesty)
Which of the following accurately portrays participants' recall of the four types of pairs,from highest recall to lowest?

A) I,III,II,IV
B) I,II,III,IV
C) II,III,I,IV
D) IV,III,II,I

Paivio's Dual Coding Theory suggests that concrete words, which can be encoded both visually and verbally, are easier to remember than abstract words, which are more likely to be encoded verbally only. Thus, pairs involving concrete words (I and II) would be recalled better than those involving abstract words (III and IV), with concrete-concrete pairs (I) being the easiest to recall due to dual encoding, followed by concrete-abstract (II), abstract-concrete (III), and abstract-abstract (IV) pairs.