Charlotte is excessively needy and smokes cigarettes constantly to ease her anxiety. According to the psychodynamic theory of personality,Charlotte may be fixated at the
________ stage of psychosocial development.

A) anal
B) oral
C) phallic
D) genital

According to the psychodynamic theory of personality, particularly the theories proposed by Sigmund Freud, the oral stage is the first stage of psychosocial development, occurring from birth to about 18 months. During this stage, the mouth is the primary source of gratification and exploration. Fixation at this stage, due to either excessive indulgence or frustration, can lead to behaviors in adulthood that are aimed at achieving oral gratification, such as smoking, overeating, or excessive talking. Charlotte's constant smoking to ease her anxiety could be indicative of an oral fixation.