Describe John Kotter's eight-step model of change.

  Kotter's eight steps include: (1)establishing a sense of urgency, (2)forming a guiding coalition, (3)creating a vision, (4)communicating the vision, (5)empowering others to act on the vision, (6)planning for and creating short-term wins, (7)consolidating improvements and producing still more change,and (8)institutionalizing new approaches. Refer to Figure 9.5.