List and describe two birth defects and diseases that are a result of dominant/recessive genes,sex-linked inheritance,and gene mutations.

Sure! Here are two examples of birth defects and diseases that are a result of different genetic inheritance patterns:

1. Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by a recessive gene mutation. This means that a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, in order to develop the disease. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs and digestive system, causing thick, sticky mucus to build up and leading to respiratory and digestive problems.

2. Hemophilia: Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that is caused by a sex-linked inheritance pattern, specifically the X-linked recessive gene. This means that the gene for hemophilia is located on the X chromosome, and since males have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to develop the disease. Hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder, where the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding and bruising.

These examples demonstrate how different genetic inheritance patterns, such as dominant/recessive genes, sex-linked inheritance, and gene mutations, can result in various birth defects and diseases.