Participants in an experiment heard a description of the military conflicts between the British and the Gurkas in India. Some were told the true outcome and others were told false outcomes. All participants overestimated their ability to have predicted the outcome that they believed to be true. This is known as

A) confabulation.
B) repression.
C) hindsight bias.
D) procedural memory.

This is an example of hindsight bias, which is the tendency for people to overestimate their ability to have predicted an event after it has occurred. People tend to remember their prior knowledge of an event in light of new information, leading them to believe that they knew the outcome all along. Confabulation refers to a memory disorder where a person recalls false information as true, repression is the unconscious blocking of memories, and procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that helps people remember how to perform skills or tasks. None of these terms accurately describes the phenomenon observed in this experiment.