The filtering of information pertains to what type of communication?

A) Upward communication
B) Downward communication
C) Non-verbal communication
D) Upward and downward communication
E) Cross-cultural communication

Filtering of information can occur in both upward and downward communication. In upward communication, employees may filter information before it reaches higher management to either avoid conflict or present themselves in a better light. In downward communication, managers may filter information to control what their subordinates know or to manage reactions to sensitive information.