Research studies that have claimed to demonstrate ESP effects have __________

A) not been replicated successfully.
B) avoided the Ganzfeld procedure.
C) relied on particularly sensitive individuals.
D) been falsified.

ESP Effects

Refers to supposed "extrasensory perception" phenomena where individuals claim to have abilities beyond the known human senses, such as telepathy or clairvoyance.

Ganzfeld Procedure

A technique used in parapsychology which aims to induce a sensory-deprived environment to test for extrasensory perception.

Replicated Successfully

The process of precisely duplicating an experiment or study to verify its original findings and ensure their reliability.