Interest rates or rates of return on investment that have not been adjusted for the effects of inflation are called:

A) Coupon rates.
B) Stripped rates.
C) Effective rates.
D) Real rates.
E) Nominal rates.

Nominal Rates

The stated interest rate on a loan or investment, not accounting for inflation or compounding effects.

Real Rates

Real rates refer to the interest rates adjusted for inflation, representing the true cost of borrowing or the real yield on an investment.

Coupon Rates

The interest rate stated on a bond when issued, which represents the annual interest payment compared to the bond's face value.