The notion of incapacitation is reflected in such punishment policies as ______.

A) three-strikes legislation
B) mandatory minimum sentences
C) truth in sentencing
D) all of these

All of the given punishment policies - three-strikes legislation, mandatory minimum sentences, and truth in sentencing - are based on the notion of incapacitation, which aims to prevent the offender from committing further crimes by keeping them locked up for a longer period of time. Three-strikes legislation imposes a life sentence on an offender who commits three serious crimes, while mandatory minimum sentences require judges to impose a minimum sentence for certain crimes. Truth in sentencing policies mandate that offenders serve a significant portion of their sentence before being released, limiting the possibility of early release and potential re-offending.