According to Martin Seligman,what is a likely explanation of Victoria's pathological fear of spiders

A) Evolution has programmed humans to readily acquire a fear of spiders.
B) When Victoria was young she was bitten by a spider and had a nasty allergic reaction.
C) Victoria does not really like Joshua and has paired the unpleasant feeling of being with him with the presence of the tarantula.
D) Through higher-order conditioning, Victoria has associated spiders with aversive feelings.

Evolution

A scientific theory describing the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Pathological Fear

An excessive and irrational fear response to a specific situation, object, or activity, which can lead to avoidance behavior and impacts daily functioning.

Allergic Reaction

A biological response where the immune system reacts to substances in the environment that are normally harmless.