According to Tonry,(2010: 294) longstanding ______ has created unconscious support for programs and policies that sustain white dominance.Drug and crime control policies have the effect of destabilizing black communities and reinforce white dominance in economic,social,and political spheres.

A) reverse racism
B) white self-interest
C) dominance
D) inequities

White Dominance

A socio-political system that privileges white people over those of other racial backgrounds, often perpetuated through institutional practices.

Tonry

May refer to individuals with the surname Tonry or, in specific contexts, a scholar or expert in the field of criminology or law.

Unconscious Support

Support or endorsement provided without conscious awareness or deliberate intention, often through behaviors or actions.