Across ethnic and socioeconomic groups and in countries around the world which factor fosters autonomy, self-reliance, self-esteem, a positive view of the value of work, and academic competence in adolescents?

A) dating relationships
B) authoritarian parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) sibling rivalry

Authoritative parenting, which involves setting high expectations and providing warmth and support, has consistently been found to foster autonomy, self-reliance, self-esteem, a positive view of the value of work, and academic competence in adolescents across ethnic and socioeconomic groups and in countries around the world. Dating relationships, sibling rivalry, and authoritarian parenting have not been found to consistently have these positive effects.