After a group discussion, group members tend to make decisions that are ________ the positions of individual members before discussion.

A) more risky than
B) more conservative than
C) equal to the average risk of
D) more risky or more conservative than
E) less risky or less conservative than

This phenomenon is known as group polarization, where after discussing as a group, members often make decisions that are either more extreme towards risk or conservatism than their initial individual positions. This means the group's decision can swing more strongly in either direction, depending on the initial leanings and the nature of the discussion.