Conrad's economic professor tells the class that the next exam will cover Chapters 5 through 7 of their text.The day of the exam,the professor accidentally photocopies the exam from the previous semester,which includes several questions from Chapters 8 and 9.What will be a problem for the exam

A)  low reliability 
B)  improper standardization 
C)  inappropriate construct validity 
D)  poor content validity

Poor content validity is the best choice because the exam does not accurately measure the intended content of Chapters 5 through 7, which is what the professor stated would be covered on the exam. Including questions from Chapters 8 and 9 would reduce the content validity of the exam as it does not fully measure what it is intended to measure. Low reliability, improper standardization, and inappropriate construct validity would not be the primary issues in this scenario.