Criticizing, threatening, and punishing a "difficult" child is associated with

A) decreased whining and yelling by the child.
B) parents becoming less involved.
C) boys becoming more defiant, but not girls.
D) both boys and girls becoming more defiant

Criticizing

The act of expressing disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.

Threatening

Threatening involves expressing an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done.

Defiant

Characterized by resistance and disobedience, often in opposition to authority.