Derived from the French word for "half," these divisions are what each of two major descent groups within a society are called:

A) ​moiety
B) ​phratry
C) ​clan
D) ​lineage

Moiety

A social division of a society by which it is divided into two roughly equal halves based on descent.

Phratry

A social unit in some societies, larger than a family but smaller than a tribe, often consisting of several clans or other kin groups.

Clan

A group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent, often sharing a common ancestor.