Discuss the three major provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).

The FLSA establishes a minimum wage and requirements for overtime pay and child labor.
1. Minimum Wage: At the federal level, the 1938 FLSA establishes a minimum wage that is now $7.25 per hour. The FLSA also permits a lower "training wage," which employers may pay to workers under the age of 20 for a period of up to 90 days. This subminimum wage is approximately 85 percent of the minimum wage. Some states have laws specifying minimum wages, and in these states, employers must pay whichever rate is higher.
2. Overtime Pay: The overtime rate under the FLSA is one and a half times the employee's usual hourly rate, including any bonuses and piece-rate payments. The overtime rate applies to the hours worked beyond 40 in one week. Time worked includes not only hours spent on production or sales, but also time on such activities as attending required classes, cleaning up the work site, or traveling between work sites. In addition, overtime is required whether or not the employer specifically asked or expected the employee to work the extra hours. Under the FLSA, executives, professionals, administrative personnel, and highly compensated white-collar employees are exempt from the overtime pay requirements.
3. Child Labor: The FLSA restricts the use of child labor, with the aim of protecting children's health, safety, and educational opportunities. The restrictions apply to children younger than 18. Under the FLSA, children aged 16 and 17 may not be employed in hazardous occupations, while children aged 14 and 15 may work only outside school hours in jobs defined as nonhazardous and for limited periods of time. A child under age 14 may not be employed in any work associated with interstate commerce, except work performed in a nonhazardous job for a business entirely owned by the child's parent or guardian. A few additional exemptions from this ban include acting, babysitting, and delivering newspapers to consumers.