During the late 19th century, the U.S. price level fell. This unexpected increase in the real cost of borrowing caused wealth to be redistributed from _____ to _____.

Real Cost of Borrowing

The total expense of taking out a loan, including interest payments and any additional fees, adjusted for inflation.

Wealth Redistribution

The transfer of income, wealth, or property among individuals or groups, often implemented through policies by governments to improve economic equality.