____ establishes the chain of command in an organization chart.

A) Vertical hierarchy
B) Downward communication
C) The corporate charter
D) Horizontal specialization
E) The mission statement

Vertical Hierarchy

An organizational structure where power and authority are concentrated at the top, and decisions flow downward.

Downward Communication

A form of organizational communication that flows from higher levels of the organization to lower levels, typically used for giving instructions, providing feedback, or conveying decisions.

Horizontal Specialization

The division of work in an organization where tasks are divided among departments or teams based on expertise or functions, leading to specialization in certain areas.