Eugene Passamani believes that the ethical difficulties surrounding randomized clinical trials can be overcome if which of the following conditions is met?

A) Participants give informed consent.
B) A state of clinical equipoise exists.
C) The trial is designed as a test of therapeutic alternatives.
D) All of these choices

Clinical Equipoise

A concept in medical research ethics that requires genuine uncertainty within the expert medical community about the comparative therapeutic merits of each arm in a clinical trial.

Randomized Clinical Trials

A research study in which participants are randomly assigned to groups to test the effectiveness of treatments or interventions.

Informed Consent

The process by which a patient voluntarily agrees to a proposed medical procedure, after understanding the risks, benefits, and alternatives.