How does MI define resistance? What is the helper's role in resistance?

In the context of Motivational Interviewing (MI), resistance is not defined as a personal trait of the client, but rather as a signal of discord or a lack of harmony in the therapeutic relationship. It is seen as a natural part of the change process, where clients may exhibit behaviors or make statements that seem to oppose or challenge the direction of the counseling or the suggestions of the therapist.

MI views resistance as a result of the interaction between the client and the therapist, rather than solely the client's responsibility. It suggests that resistance can often arise when the therapist's approach is too directive or confrontational, which can lead to the client feeling defensive or misunderstood. This perspective is based on the principle that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and self-healing, and that resistance is a way of protecting oneself from change that feels forced or premature.

The helper's role in resistance, according to MI, is to recognize it as a cue to adjust their approach. Rather than confronting resistance directly or trying to overcome it with persuasion, the helper should respond with empathy, seek to understand the client's perspective, and work collaboratively with the client to explore their ambivalence about change. The helper should use reflective listening to validate the client's feelings and experiences, and employ MI techniques such as open-ended questions, affirmations, and summarizing to help the client explore their own motivations for change.

The helper's goal is to create a supportive and non-judgmental environment where the client feels heard and understood. This approach is intended to reduce resistance by aligning with the client's values and goals, and by eliciting the client's own arguments for change, rather than imposing the helper's agenda. In doing so, the helper facilitates the client's movement through the stages of change at their own pace, respecting their autonomy and self-direction.