_________ is involved when performance standards are developed on the basis of systematic observation and experimentation.

A) Fayol's universal principle
B) Therbligs
C) Gantt chart
D) Total quality control
E) Scientific management

Scientific Management

A theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, aiming to improve economic efficiency and labor productivity.

Systematic Observation

A structured method of data collection where the observer follows a strict protocol to record behavior or phenomena, minimizing bias.

Experimentation

The process of conducting a controlled test or investigation to explore hypotheses, observe effects, and gain new knowledge, commonly used in scientific research, product development, and process improvement.