List and briefly describe several assisted reproductive technologies that can help infertile couples have children.

Artificial insemination by donor: sperm are placed directly in the woman's vagina by a physician.
In vitro fertilization: immature oocytes are harvested from the woman and the man's sperm is collected. The oocyte is fertilized in the laboratory glassware and allowed to develop into embryos. These are then transferred back into the mother's uterus.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer: immature oocytes are harvested from the woman and the man's sperm is collected. The oocyte is fertilized in the laboratory glassware and then transferred back into the mother's uterus.
Surrogate mother: women are contracted to have a baby for another individual.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a single sperm is injected into an oocyte.