Managers holding assumptions in Theory X and Theory Y believe that ___.

A) people are willing to work and like responsibility
B) people are self-directed and creative
C) these theories typically create responsible workers
D) these theories create self-fulfilling prophecies
E) these theories create opportunities to satisfy esteem and self-actualizing needs

Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Situations where an initially false expectation leads to its own confirmation because the expectation influences behavior to make it true.

Theory X

A management theory assuming that employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can, thus needing to be closely supervised and controlled.

Theory Y

A management concept that assumes employees are intrinsically motivated, seek responsibility, and can be creative, suggesting a participative approach to management.