National and local unions are governed by:

A) Democratic methods in which union members elect union leaders whose actions are constrained by a constitution, by-laws, and elections.
B) Autocratic methods in which a powerful leader issues mandates and orders.
C) Paternalistic methods in which benevolent leaders "care for" their union members.
D) Laissez-faire methods in which union members are allowed to do whatever they think is in their best interest.

Democratic Methods

Approaches or processes that emphasize participation, inclusiveness, and equal opportunities for decision-making.

Autocratic Methods

Management styles characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members, often leading to a centralized decision-making process.

Paternalistic Methods

Management practices that involve overseeing workers in a fatherly manner, where decision-making is centralized and based on the assumption that employers know what is best for their employees.