Neuropsychological assessment is most generally associated with identifying students who are either gifted or have a learning disability.

While neuropsychological assessment can be used to identify students with learning disabilities, it is not limited to those populations. Neuropsychological assessment can also be used to evaluate individuals with neurological disorders, traumatic brain injuries, and other cognitive or behavioral challenges. Additionally, it can be used to identify areas of strength and weakness in individuals without any diagnosed conditions.