Pavlov believed that presenting the CS at nearly the same time as the UCS caused a connection in the brain to form so that the animal treated the CS as if it were the UCS. Psychologists today believe that the animal

A) treats the CS as the UCS, but the brain is not involved.
B) treats the CS as if it were the UCR.
C) uses the CS as a positive reinforcer.
D) uses the CS as a predictor that the UCS is coming.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that instinctively and effortlessly elicits a response without any previous conditioning.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

An initially neutral signal that, once paired with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to evoke a conditioned reaction.

Predictor

A variable used in statistical models that is believed to influence or forecast the outcome of another variable.