Per capita alcohol consumption decreased dramatically after 1830 in the United States because of​

A) ​strict enforcement of import quotas on foreign wines and spirits.
B) ​the high cost of distilled beverages, which related to periodic grain shortages.
C) ​the passage of the 18th Amendment.
D) ​the spread of the temperance movement.

Per capita alcohol consumption decreased dramatically after 1830 in the United States due to the efforts of the temperance movement, which aimed to promote moderation or abstention from alcohol consumption. This movement gained widespread support and led to the passage of alcohol prohibition laws, ultimately resulting in the 18th Amendment. Strict enforcement of import quotas and periodic grain shortages may have played a role in fluctuating alcohol consumption levels but were not the primary causes for the long-term decrease.