____________________ procedures make it difficult to transfer and promote workers around on the basis of skills and merit.

A) Union-mandated
B) Management rights
C) Lean production
D) Seniority-based

Seniority-Based

A system or practice where decisions on promotions, layoffs, and benefits are made based on the length of an employee's service within an organization.

Union-Mandated

Requirements or actions imposed by labor unions, often through collective bargaining or union regulations, that employers must follow.

Management Rights

The prerogatives and authorities held by employers to direct and control business operations, including hiring, work assignments, and discipline.