Ruddick contends that the act of ______ itself generates a conception of virtue and that this experience is central to women's ethical life.

A) love
B) mothering
C) empathy
D) compassion

Ruddick's concept of "maternal thinking" or "mothering" emphasizes the unique ethical perspective that arises from the experience of caregiving for another human being, particularly from the perspective of a mother caring for her child. This experience of nurturance and responsibility generates a conception of virtue that is focused on the importance of care, protection, and nurturing relationships. While love, empathy, and compassion are all important components of maternal thinking, it is the act of mothering itself that is seen as central to women's ethical lives according to Ruddick.