The nurse manager performs a risk-benefit analysis to determine the minimum number of staff the unit will need over the Christmas and New Year's holiday to allow as many nurses to take time off as possible while maintaining the safety of the patients.What ethical problem-solving approach is this nurse manager using?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Deontology
C) Categorical imperative
D) Feminist ethics

Use of a risk-benefit analysis to determine every alternative action for its potential outcomes is utilitarianism.This nurse is using utilitarianism when balancing fairness to the staff with safety of the patients.Deontology is based on rules and principles using the language of rights and duties,or right and wrong,which does not apply to this manager's approach.The categorical imperative states one should act only if the action is based on a principle that is universal,which does not apply to this situation.Feminist ethics is based on the belief that traditional ethical models provide a mostly masculine perspective and devalue women,which does not apply to this nurse manager's problem.