The process by which people learn a sense of personal control or personal helplessness has been most strongly emphasized by the

A) biopsychosocial perspective.
B) trait perspective.
C) self perspective.
D) social-cognitive perspective.

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes how people acquire beliefs about their own control or lack thereof in their lives through observing and interpreting the experiences of themselves and others. This perspective is especially relevant to understanding the development of learned helplessness, where individuals come to see themselves as powerless to change their circumstances even when they have the ability to do so. The other perspectives listed (biopsychosocial, trait, and self) are not as directly focused on the acquisition of beliefs about personal control or helplessness.