The Ringelmann effect is caused by

A) social loafing.
B) poor leadership.
C) coordination losses.
D) both social loafing and coordination losses.
E) both social loafing and poor leadership.

Ringelmann Effect

A phenomenon where individual productivity decreases as the number of people in a group increases.

Social Loafing

The phenomenon where individuals in a group contribute less effort than they would when working alone, due to a diffusion of responsibility.

Coordination Losses

Inefficiencies that occur when individuals working in a group fail to synchronize their actions or contributions optimally.