Theresa has conducted research on the effects listening to music has on study retention.In this case,what is "listening to music"

A)  extraneous variable
B)  dependent variable 
C)  independent variable
D)  controlled variable

Listening to Music

The act of experiencing and perceiving sound arranged in a temporal pattern, often eliciting emotional, cognitive, and physical responses.

Study Retention

The ability to maintain and utilize knowledge or skills acquired over time, often a measure of effective learning strategies.

Independent Variable

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.