What are systems and structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals called?

A) social controls
B) social institutions
C) social norms
D) pluralistic situations

Social institutions refer to systems and structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals. These include education, government, religion, family, economy, and healthcare, among others. Social controls (A) refer to the mechanisms used by society to maintain conformity to norms and rules, while social norms (C) are the unwritten rules and expectations that guide behavior in society. Pluralistic situations (D) refer to when there are multiple beliefs and values present in a society.