What components of expectancy theory should goal specificity strengthen?

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Expectancy and instrumentality
E) Expectancy and valence

Expectancy Theory

A motivational theory positing that individuals are more likely to perform actions if they expect their efforts to lead to successful outcomes and valuable rewards.

Goal Specificity

The clarity and preciseness of a goal, making it explicit and defined, which can aid in motivating individuals to achieve it.

Expectancy

A person's belief about how their effort will lead to a certain level of performance and the anticipated outcomes of that performance.