What encourages soil formation in primary succession? 

A)  secretion of acids by lichens 
B)  trapping of nitrogen particles by lichens and mosses 
C)  fluctuating phosphorous levels in soil 
D)  secretion of bases by lichens

Primary Succession

The process of habitat colonization and ecosystem development in an area where no community previously existed, such as on bare rock.

Soil Formation

The process by which weathering of rock and organic interactions lead to the development of soil layers or horizons, essential for plant growth.

Lichens

Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and either algae or cyanobacteria, known for their ability to grow on and weather rocks and other surfaces.