When a commercial janitorial service company predicts demand for its services using commercial building permits issued,office leasing and vacancy rates,this is an example of:

A) a repetitive pattern modeling tool.
B) a time series forecasting technique.
C) a deterministic model.
D) a causal model.
E) a qualitative forecasting technique.

Causal Model

A conceptual model that describes the causal mechanisms and relationships between variables within a system.

Deterministic Model

A mathematical model in which outcomes are fully determined by parameter values and initial conditions, with no randomness involved.

Janitorial Service

A business or service that provides cleaning and maintenance for buildings, offices, and residential complexes.