Which aspect of systemic evolution did Talcott Parsons thinks happens as system upgrades their capacity to achieve their primary function and balance?

A) Differentiation
B) Adaptive upgrading
C) Integration
D) Generalization of values

Talcott Parsons believed that systemic evolution occurred through adaptive upgrading, which is the process by which a system improves its capacity to achieve its primary function and balance. This involves the identification and correction of errors or inefficiencies in the system and the incorporation of new knowledge or technologies to improve performance. Differentiation refers to the specialization of subunits within a system, integration refers to the coordination of these subunits to achieve the system's goal, and generalization of values refers to the spread of a particular set of values throughout a culture. While these concepts may be related to systemic evolution in different ways, Parsons specifically emphasized adaptive upgrading as a key aspect of the process.