Which complication is suspected when the patient's IV site is swollen,cool,and pale with no blood return?

A) Phlebitis
B) Infiltration
C) Thrombophlebitis
D) Local inflammation

An infiltration occurs when IV fluids leak into the subcutaneous tissue around the venipuncture site because the catheter tip no longer is in the vein.Infiltration causes swelling (from increased interstitial fluid),paleness,and coolness (from decreased circulation)around the venipuncture site.The IV infusion may slow or stop.Pain may occur,increasing as the infiltration progresses.Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein.Signs and symptoms include redness,tenderness,and warmth along the course of the vein starting at the access site,with possibly a red streak and/or palpable cord along the vein.Phlebitis can be dangerous because blood clots (thrombophlebitis)can form,increasing the risk for an embolus,a clot that becomes dislodged and can travel to the lungs.Local infection at the VAD site is possible.The insertion site will be red and/or edematous; exudate may occur.