Which factor is linked with low self-esteem, depression, low academic competence, and antisocial behavior in adolescence?

A) individualism
B) collectivism
C) authoritative parenting
D) psychological control

Psychological control, characterized by excessive control, manipulation, and invalidation of a young person's psychological and emotional experiences, has been linked with negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, depression, low academic competence, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. Individualism and collectivism are cultural values that may shape parenting practices but are not directly linked to these negative outcomes. Authoritative parenting, which is characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and appropriate levels of control, has been associated with positive adolescent outcomes.