Which of the following abuses have occurred over the years as a by-product of the administration of intelligence tests?

A) The maintenance of the status quo (e.g., those who are verbally brighter over those who have musical ability)
B) The miscalculation of intelligence of minorities
C) The over-classification of individuals who are learning disabled
D) A means to differentiate social classes
E) All of these

Intelligence Tests

Standardized tests designed to measure an individual's mental capacity and capability in various cognitive domains, such as reasoning, memory, and verbal skills.

Status Quo

The existing state or condition of affairs, often used in the context of social, political, or economic issues.

Learning Disabled

Refers to individuals who have significant difficulty learning and using academic skills due to differences in processing information, not accounted for by intellectual disabilities.