Which of the following is not a "tool" of the New Public Management movement?

A) centralizaton
B) competition among service providers
C) privatization
D) outsourcing

New Public Management

A management philosophy used by governments since the 1980s to modernize and render public service more efficient by adopting private sector management practices.

Centralization

The concentration of control, authority, or decision-making power in a central group or location, often at the higher levels of an organization or government.

Privatization

The transfer of ownership of property or businesses from the government to private individuals or organizations.