Which of the following respiratory volumes or capacities include(s) the residual volume (RV) ?

A) Total lung capacity (TLC) only
B) Functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC)
C) Vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC)
D) Vital capacity (VC) only
E) Functional residual capacity (FRC) only

Functional Residual Capacity

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation, which is crucial for continuous gas exchange in the lungs.

Residual Volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation, ensuring that the lungs do not collapse.

Total Lung Capacity

The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold, comprised of tidal volume and all reserve volumes.