Which of the following U.S. presidents established independent commissions to oversee the initial nomination process for federal judges, a practice discontinued by later presidents?

A) Jimmy Carter
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Bill Clinton
E) Gerald Ford

Independent Commissions

Bodies established to carry out administrative functions or investigations free from political influence.

Federal Judges

Jurists appointed to serve on the federal courts of the United States, including the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, and District Courts.

Jimmy Carter

The 39th President of the United States (1977-1981) known for his commitment to peace and human rights.