Women earn less on average than men. Which of the following would be the logical conclusion?

A) Women must be the victim of employment discrimination.
B) Women must be less productive.
C) Men must be more highly motivated and materialistic.
D) Without consideration of preferences and productivity factors, differences in unadjusted mean earnings do not necessarily reflect employment discrimination.

Employment Discrimination

Unfair treatment of employees or job applicants based on race, gender, age, religion, nationality, physical ability, or other characteristics irrelevant to job performance.

Productivity Factors

Variables that influence the output of production, including the quality of labor, technology, and the efficiency of processes.

Mean Earnings

The average income earned by individuals in a specific group, calculated by dividing the total income of the group by the number of individuals.