The term ________ is defined as brief verbal or behavioral indignities that communicate hostile or derogatory attitudes toward a person because of their identity as part of a devalued group.

A) heterosexism
B) self-categorization phenomenon
C) micro-aggression
D) intrusive interruption

The impact of a mother's healthy food consumption on the prenatal development of her offspring best illustrates

A) dizygotic development.
B) natural selection.
C) environmental influence.
D) an epigenetic mark.

Jamie is constantly saying, "I have no control over my emotions, and cannot help feeling certain feelings." This exemplifies

A) a causal attribution.
B) a dysfunctional global assumption.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

In a practical application of priming,researchers introduced a clean-smelling citrus scent just outside the entrance of the ICU.The results indicated:

A) about 15% of the visitors cleansed their hands with this prime.
B) this prime made absolutely no difference on the amount of visitors cleansing their hands.
C) almost half of the visitors cleansed their hands with this prime.
D) less people cleansed their hands with this prime.

How does the notion of effort justification relate to cognitive dissonance? ​

A) Effort justification is a type of cognitive dissonance.
B) Effort justification precedes cognitive dissonance. ​
C) Effort justification is often a motive for cognitive dissonance. ​
D) Effort justification is often used to reduce cognitive dissonance. ​

According to the text, which one of the following is the MOST appropriate way to interpret a strong relationship between levels of testosterone and sociability and aggression?

A) High levels of testosterone cause people to be more social and aggressive.
B) Individuals who are social and aggressive put themselves in situations that will always increase their testosterone levels.
C) There is evidence behind increases in testosterone being both cause and effect for increases in sociability and aggression, and so we cannot make a claim to know the directionality of this relationship.
D) There is not a strong enough relationship between testosterone and sociability and aggression to merit its interpretation.