Slopes that drop or rise sharply in elevation are:

A) steep
B) plains
C) contours

What generally happens when subduction-derived magma encounters thick continental crust?

A) most magma reaches the surface with minor modification
B) the magma solidifies in sheeted dikes with a composition of basalt
C) the magma interacts with the crust, forming felsic or intermediate compositions
D) the oceanic crust melts

Which of the following is used to measure and compare the economic outputs in Canada and other nations? 

A)  Human Development Index (HDI)  
B)  Canadian Index of Well-being (CIW)  
C)  gross domestic product (GDP)  
D)  genuine progress indicator (GPI)

Which of the following is NOT a feature of China's population control program? 

A)  employing compulsory measures 
B)  offering economic incentives 
C)  enforcing a uniform policy that applies to urban and rural citizens equally 
D)  employing freely available contraceptives

Which term defines a community of interacting organisms and the physical and chemical factors of their environment? 

A)  lithosphere 
B)  population 
C)  ecosystem 
D)  species

What would NOT be likely to cause the reduction and possible extinction of wildlife populations? 

A)  increased human population growth 
B)  increased poverty 
C)  governmental policies that undervalue ecological services 
D)  sustainable development

How does material in soil move?

A) the upper part of soil loses material downward
B) clay minerals and other fine particles are carried downward
C) chemical ions leached from above can accumulate in the underlying zone
D) calcium carbonate can accumulate in the soil, especially in dry environments
E) all of these

What is CITES? 

A)  a national organization from Canada dedicated to the preservation of endangered species in Canada only 
B)  a set of regulations controlling the introduction of only bird species 
C)  a treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species 
D)  a pact that supports critical ecosystems that support Antarctic wildlife only

Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for slope failure?

A) adding water to a slope
B) volcanic eruption
C) shaking during an earthquake
D) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction
E) all of these are common triggers for slope failure

Photovoltaic cells do not produce any of the greenhouse or acid gas emissions associated with electricity generated by the combustion of fossil fuels.